them altogether. To have a disease without its symptoms is to 
be immune. No society has ever known enough about its 
actions to have developed immunity to its new extensions or 
technologies. Today we have begun to sense that art may be 
able to provide such immunity.

     In the history of human culture there is no example of a 
conscious adjustment of the various factors of personal and 
social life to new extensions except in the puny and peripheral 
efforts of artists. The artist picks up the message of cultural 
and technological challenge decades before its transforming 
impact occurs. He, then, builds models or Noah’s arks for 
facing the change that is at hand. “The war of 1870 need 
never have been fought had people read my Sentimental  
Education ,” said Gustave Flaubert.